The VARK model of learning modalities suggests that there are four main types of learners – visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic.

While the existing research has found that matching teaching methods to learning modalities has no influence on educational outcomes, the concept of learning styles remains extremely popular.

Neil Fleming introduced an inventory in 1987 that was designed to help learners know more about their individual learning preferences. According to the his model, learners are identified by whether they have a preference for –

#1 Visual Learning

Visual learners learn best by seeing. Graphic displays such as charts, diagrams, illustrations, handouts, and videos are all helpful learning tools for visual learners.

#2 Auditory Learning

Aural learners learn best by hearing information. They tend to get a great deal out of lectures and are good at remembering things they are told.

#3 Written and Read Learning

Reading and writing learners prefer to take in information that is displayed as words and text.

#4 Kinesthetic Learning

Kinesthetic (or tactile) learners learn best by touching and doing. Hands-on experience is important for kinesthetic learners.

If no single learning preference calls out to you or you change preferences based on the situation or the type of information you are learning, you probably have what is known as a multimodal style.

In spite of criticisms to the model, learners might find that understanding their own preferences can be helpful. If you know that visual learning appeals to you most, using visual study strategies in conjunction with other learning methods might help you remember and enjoy your lessons more.

Find out your learning modality here